Gubbins, Colin McVean "M"

Date of birth:: July 2nd, 1896 (Tokyo, Japan)
Date of death:: February 1st, 1976 (Stornoway/Outer-Hebrides, United Kingdom)
Service number:: 14618
Nationality:: British

Biography

Colin McVean Gubbins grew up in Japan where his father worked in the British consular service. After being sent back to England and educated at Cheltenham College, at the age of 19 Gubbins entered the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich. Gubbins served throughout the Great War with the Royal Artillery gaining the Military Cross while serving on the Western Front and getting wounded.In 1919 Gubbins went to Russia where he served under General Edmund Ironside and General Anton Denikin in the White Army. He also served in the Anglo-Irish war of 1919-21. His experiences in Russia and Ireland gave him clear insights into the nature of guerrilla warfare. He joined Military Intelligence and wrote a series of pamphlets on the subject including "The Art of Guerrilla Warfare", "Partisan Leader's Handbook" and "How to Use High Explosives".

After the fall of Poland in September 1939 he was head of Military Intelligence mission to Poles and Czechs in Paris, France. In 1940 he moved to Norway to command the Independent Companies (forerunners of the Commandos), also under MI(R) auspices. For this he was awarded the DSO.

In November 1940 Gubbins was seconded to the Special Operations Executive (SOE), which had recently been established. Besides maintaining his existing connections with the Poles and Czechs, Gubbins was given three tasks: to set up training facilities; to devise operating procedures acceptable to the Admiralty and Air Ministry; and to establish close working relations with the Joint Planning Staff. As head of SOE, Gubbins co-ordinated the activities of resistance movements worldwide. Gubbins' role involved consultation at the highest level with the Foreign Office, the Chiefs of Staff, representatives of the resistance organizations, governments-in-exile, and other Allied agencies including particularly the US Office of Strategic Services (OSS).

In 1946, when the Special Operations Executive had been disbanded, the War Office had no suitable work for him. He became Managing Director of a Scottish carpet company, Grays at Newton of Ayr close to Prestwick Airport. Gubbins spent his last years at his home in the Hebrides, on the Isle of Harris. He was appointed Deputy Lieutenant of the islands area of the Western Isles in 1976.

Promotions:
16 September, 1914: 2nd Lieutenant - Royal Artillery
9 June, 1915: Lieutenant
16 August, 1916: Acting Captain
2 January, 1918: Acting Captain
1 November, 1917 - 27 december 1917: Acting Major (backdated)
12 February, 1918: Captain
22 March, 1919: Adjudant Chef (ADC)
6 October, 1919: commission relinquished
1 October, 1922: temporary commission relinquished as Brigade Major
14 January, 1925: Adjudant
21 April,1926: Seconded to the Staff in India; Area Head Quarters - General Staff Officer, 3rd Grade
20 February, 1928: Staff College Quetta
16 February, 1928: vacated appointment India
1 February, 1931: General Staff Officer, 3rd Grade, War Office
8 April, 1933: Brigade Major Regular Army 4th Division
1 July, 1933: Batalion Major
24 February, 1934: Batalion Major
1 February, 1935: Commission relinquished as Brigade Major
1 October, 1935: Seconded as General Staff Officer, 2nd Grade, War Officer
1 July, 1938: Batalion Lieutenant-Colonel
1 October, 1941: Lieutenant-Colonel
5 December, 1941: Colonel
21 December, 1943: Temporary Major-General
27 April, 1946: retirement - Honoray Major-General

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Military Cross (MC)

Period:: First World War (1914-1918)
Rank:: Lieutenant
Unit:: Royal Field Artillery
Awarded on:: September 22nd, 1916

Citation:
"For conspicuous gallantry. When one of his guns and its detachment were blown up by a heavy shell, he organised a rescue party and personally helped to dig out the wounded while shells were falling all round."

Orden Svjatogo Stanislava - III

Period:: Russian Civil War (1917-1922)
Unit:: Archangel Expeditionary Force, British Army
Awarded on:: 1919

Aide-de-Camp to General Officer Commanding

Mentioned in Dispatches

Period:: Second World War (1939-1945)
Rank:: Brigadier
Unit:: Independent Companies, Northwest Expeditionary Force, British Army
Awarded on:: June 19th, 1940

"Brigadier C. McV. Gubbins, D.S.O. commanded the forces round Bodo in most difficult circumstances with the greatest skill and determination, and it was largely due to his devoted efforts that a premature withdrawal, which might have seriously compromised the whole campaign, did not occur in this area."

Distinguished Service Order (DSO)

Period:: Second World War (1939-1945)
Rank:: Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel
Unit:: Independent Companies, Northwest Expeditionary Force, British Army
Awarded on:: August 6th, 1940

Citation (general):
"For gallant and distinguished services in action in connection with recent operations in Norway."
From 6.5.40 to 23.5.40, Col Gubbins commanded the five Independant Coys in the neighbourhood of BODO.
Later, commencing on 23.5.40, th 24 Gds Bde was placed under his command.
And during the period of the operations displayed sterling qualities of leadership in the handling of his troops operating in a strange and difficult type of country. On several occasions he prsonally led troops which were fighting a rearguard action in contact with the enemy.
His courageous example of devotion to duty though greatly overworked was an inspiration to his men.
The safe withdrawal of the forces from BODO in the face of the enemy and under constant air attack was due to his inspiring leadership, courage and devotion.

Mentioned in Dispatches

Period:: Second World War (1939-1945)
Rank:: Acting Brigadier
Unit:: HQ, Special Operations Executive (SOE), British Government
Awarded on:: January 31st, 1941

Krzyz Walecznych

Period:: Second World War (1939-1945)
Unit:: HQ, Special Operations Executive (SOE), British Government
Awarded on:: 1941

Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG)

Period:: Second World War (1939-1945)
Rank:: Temporary Major-General
Unit:: HQ, Special Operations Executive (SOE), British Government
Awarded on:: January 1st, 1944

Officier de l' Ordre National de la Legion d'Honneur

Period:: Second World War (1939-1945)
Rank:: Major-General
Unit:: HQ, Special Operations Executive (SOE), British Government
Awarded on:: 1944

For exceptional services rendered during the operations involved in the Liberation of France.

WO/373/185

Officier de l' Ordre National de la Legion d'Honneur

Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG/DCMG)

Period:: Second World War (1939-1945)
Rank:: Major-General
Unit:: HQ, Special Operations Executive (SOE), British Government
Awarded on:: January 1st, 1946

Rad Bileho lva III Class

Period:: Second World War (1939-1945)
Unit:: HQ, Special Operations Executive (SOE), British Government
Awarded on:: November 26th, 1946

Grootofficier in de Orde van Oranje Nassau met zwaarden (ON.2x)

Period:: Second World War (1939-1945)
Rank:: Temporary Major-General
Unit:: HQ, Special Operations Executive (SOE), British Government
Awarded on:: February 13th, 1947

For having contributed to the Dutch cause in various functions during the war.

Royal Decree no. 34 dated February 13th, 1947.

Grootofficier in de Orde van Oranje Nassau met zwaarden (ON.2x)

Kommandør af 1. grad af Dannebrog

Period:: Second World War (1939-1945)
Rank:: Temporary Major-general
Unit:: HQ, Special Operations Executive (SOE), British Government
Awarded on:: November 14th, 1947

Legion of Merit - Chief Commander (LoM - CC)

Period:: Second World War (1939-1945)
Rank:: Major-General
Unit:: HQ, Special Operations Executive (SOE), British Government
Awarded on:: May 14th, 1948

"Major General Colin McVean Gubbins, CMG, DSO, MC, British Army, performed outstanding services from September 1943 to January 1944. As a result of his co-operation and assistance, his foresightedness and clear thinking, his tact and profound understanding, the Special Operations Branch of the Office of Strategic Services was able to establish an operational branch, based on the United Kingdom, and thereby perform a function of great importance to the United States Government. The initiative and ability displayed by General Gubbins' exceptionally meritorious conduct reflect great credit upon himself and the British Army."

WO 373/148/514