Language
English
Nederlands
Search
Toggle navigation
Articles
Overview
Biographies
Documentation
Military
Persecution
Society
Weapons
Codenames
Dictionary
Maps
Timeline
Sights
All countries
My location
Belgium
Canada
England
France
Germany
Netherlands, the
Poland
Scotland
Ukraine
United States of America
News
News
Photo specials
Interviews
Videos
Books
Documentaries and movies
The War Illustrated
Persons
All countries
Australia (1901-present, Federal Monarchy)
Belgium (1830-present, Constitutional Monarchy)
Canada (1931-present, Constitutional Monarchy)
France (1870-present, Republic)
Germany (1933-1945, Third Reich)
Italy (1860-1946, Kingdom)
Japan (1868-1945, Empire)
Netherlands, the (1815-present, Kingdom)
Soviet Union (1922-1991, People's Republic)
United Kingdom (1801-present, Kingdom)
United States (1776 - present, Republic)
Awards
All countries
Australia (1901-present, Federal Monarchy)
Belgium (1830-present, Constitutional Monarchy)
Canada (1931-present, Constitutional Monarchy)
France (1870-present, Republic)
Germany (1933-1945, Third Reich)
Italy (1860-1946, Kingdom)
Japan (1868-1945, Empire)
Netherlands, the (1815-present, Kingdom)
Soviet Union (1922-1991, People's Republic)
United Kingdom (1801-present, Kingdom)
United States (1776 - present, Republic)
Themes
Overview
Routes and travelling tips
Documentation
Military
Persecution
Society
Weapons
More information
Documents
War Diaries
Archives
About us / FAQ
Advertise
API
App
Donate to STIWOT
Partners
Contributors
Our books
Jobs
Contact
Schakel naar Nederlands
Search
On a journey of discovery to historical sites? Download the TracesOfWar app directly on
Google Play
or the
Apple App Store
.
Home
Awards
Africa
Benin (1990-present, Republic)
Botswana (1966-present, Republic)
Buganda (13th Century-present, Kingdom)
Cameroon (1961-present, Republic)
Central Africa (1960-present, Republic)
Chad (1958-present, Repblic)
Comoros (1975 - present, Federal Republic)
Congo (1969–1992, People's Republic)
Congo (1997-present, Republic)
Egypt (1867-1914, Khedivate)
Egypt (1914-1922, Sultanate)
Egypt (1922-1953, Kingdom)
Egypt (1961-present, Republic)
Ethiopia (1270-1974, Kingdom)
Ethiopia (1987-1991, Peoples Republic)
French Dahomey (Colony, 1894–1958)
French Morocco (1912-1956, French protectorate)
Gabon (1960-present, Republic)
Gambia (1989-present, Republic)
Ghana (1960-present, Republic)
Guinea (1958-present, Republic)
Ivory Coast (1960-present, Repulblic)
Kenya (1964-present, Republic)
Liberia (1874-present, Republic)
Libya (1951-1969, Kingdom)
Libya (1951-1969, Republic)
Madagascar (1992-present, Republic)
Malawi (1964-present, Republic)
Mali (1960-present, Republic)
Mauritania (1958-present, Islamic Republic)
Morocco (1956-present, Kingdom)
Niger (1958-present, Republic)
Nigeria (1960-present, Republic)
Senegal (1960-present, Republic)
Somalia (1960-present, Federal Republic)
South Africa (1910-1961, Union)
South Africa (1961-present, Republic)
South Rhodesia (1923-1980, British Colony)
Sudan (1956-present, Republic)
Togo (1960-present, Republic)
Tunesia (1957-present, Republic)
Uganda (1962-present, Republic)
Upper Volta (1958-1984, Republic)
Zaire (1971-1997, Republic)
Zambia (1964-present, Republic)
Zimbabwe (1965-present, Republic)
America
Antigua and Barbuda (1981-present, Kingdom)
Argentina (1853, present, Repblic)
Bahamas (1973-present, Constitutional Monarchy)
Belize (1981-present, Constitutional Monarchy)
Bolivia (1825-present, Republic)
Brazil (1822-1889, Empire)
Brazil (1889-present, Republic)
Canada (1931-present, Constitutional Monarchy)
Chile (1818-present, Republic)
Colombia (1886-present, Republic)
Cuba (1902-1959, Republic)
Cuba (1959-present, Peoples Republic)
Dominica (1978 - present, Republic)
Dominican Republic (1924-1965, Republic)
Ecuador (1830-present, Republic)
Grenada (1974-presen, Republic)
Haiti (1859-present, Republic)
Mexico (1846–1863, Republic)
Mexico (1864–1867, Empire)
Mexico (1867-present, Republic)
Panama (1821-present, Republic)
Paraguay (1811-present, Republic)
Peru (1824-present, Republic)
Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983-present, Federation)
Saint Lucia (1979-present, Republic)
Trinidad and Tobago (1976-present, Republic)
United States (1776 - present, Republic)
Venezuela (1811-present, Republic)
Asia
Afghanistan (1926-1973, Kingdom)
Afghanistan (1978-1987, People's Republic)
Azerbaijan (1936-1991, People's Republic)
Bangladesh (1971-present, Republic)
British Burma (1937-1948, Colony)
Brunei (1984-present, Sultanate)
Bukhara (1785–1920, Emirate)
Burma (1948-1989)
Cambodia (1953-1970, Kingdom)
Cambodia (1993-present, Kingdom)
Ceylon (1948-1972, British Dominion)
China (1636-1912, Qing Dynasty)
China (1912-1949, Republic)
China (1940-1945, Republic)
China (1949-present, People's Republic)
China (1949-present, Republic Taiwan)
French-Indochine (1887-1954, French Indochine)
Georgia (1936-1991, People's Republic)
Georgia (1991-present, Republic)
India (1858-1947, British Colony)
India (1943-1945, Provisional Government)
India (1947-1950, British Dominion)
India (1950-present, Republic)
Indonesia (1945-present, Republic
Iran (1925-1979, Kingdom)
Iraq (1932-1958, Kingdom)
Iraq (1958–1968, 1st Republic)
Iraq (1968-2003, 2nd Republic)
Israël (1948-present, Republic)
Japan (1868-1945, Empire)
Japan (1947-present, constitutional monarchy)
Jordan (1946-present, Kingdom)
Kazakhstan (1991-present, Republic)
Korea (1897- 1910, Empire)
Kuwait (1752-present, Emirate)
Laos (1949-1975, Kingdom)
Laos (1975-present, People's Republic)
Lebanon (1943-present, Republic)
Malaysia (1957-present, Federal Const. Monarchy)
Maldives (1968-present, Republic)
Manchukuo (1932-1945, Empire)
Mongolia (1911-1919, Absolute Monarchy)
Mongolia (1924-1992, People's Republic)
Nepal (1768-2008, Kingdom)
North Korea (1948-present, People's Republic)
Ottoman Empire (1299-1922, Monarchy)
Pakistan (1947-1956, British Dominion)
Pakistan (1956-present, Islamic Republic)
Persia (1789-1925, Empire)
Philippines (1946-present, Republic)
Sarawak (1841-1946, Kingdom)
Singapore (1959-present, Republic)
South Korea (1945 - present, Republic)
South Vietnam (1955-1975, Republic)
South Yemen (1967–1990, People's Republic)
Syria (1930-1950, 1st Republic)
Syrië (1963-present, 2nd Republic)
Thailand (1238-present, Kingdom)
Transjordan (1921-1946, Emirate)
Turkey (1923-present, Republic)
Vietnam (1945-1954, Republic)
Vietnam (1954-present, People's Republic)
Europe
Albania (1928-1939, Kingdom)
Albania (1939-1943, Italian protecotrate)
Albania (1946-1991, Peoples Republic)
Albania (1991-present, Republic)
Anhalt (1806-1918, Duchy)
Austria (1804-1867, Empire)
Austria (1867-1918, Austrian-Hungarian Empire)
Austria (1919-1934, Republic)
Austria (1955-Present, Republic)
Baden (1806-1918, Grand Duchy)
Bavaria (1806-1918, Kingdom)
Belarus (1991-present, Republic)
Belgium (1830-present, Constitutional Monarchy)
Bremen (1815-present, Free and Hanseatic City)
Brunswick (1813-1918, Duchy)
Bulgaria (1878–1908, Principality)
Bulgaria (1908-1946, Kingdom)
Bulgaria (1946-1990, Peoples Republic)
Bulgaria (1990-present, Repulic)
Burgenland (1921-present, Bundesland)
Carinthia (1918-present, Federal state in Austria)
Croatia (1941-1945, Independant State)
Croatia (1991-present, Republic)
Czech Republic (1993-present, Republic)
Czechoslovakia (1918 - 1948, Republic)
Czechoslovakia (1948 - 1989, People's Republic)
Czechoslovakia (1989 - 1992, Republic)
Danzig (1920 - 1939, Republic)
Denmark (1849 - present, Const. Monarchy)
Denmark (1940-1945, Semi Totalitarian State)
Estonia (1918-1940, Republic)
Estonia (1991-present, Republic)
European Union (1993-present, International Union)
Finland (1918-present, Republic)
France (1814–1830, Kingdom)
France (1830–1848, Kingdom)
France (1852-1870, 2nd French Empire)
France (1870-present, Republic)
France Vichy (1940-1944, Totalitarian State)
Germany (1871-1918, Empire)
Germany (1919 - 1933, German Reich)
Germany (1933-1945, Third Reich)
Germany (1945-1989, People's Republic)
Germany (1945-present, Federal Republic)
Greece (1832-1924, Kingdom)
Greece (1935-1973, Kingdom)
Hamburg (1806-present, Free and Hanseatic City)
Hannover (1814–1866, Kingdom)
Hesse (1806-1919, Grand Duchy)
Hesse-Kassel (1814–1866, Landgraviate)
Hungary (1920-1946, Kingdom)
Hungary (1946-1949, IInd Republic)
Hungary (1949-1989, Peoples Republic)
Hungary (1989-present, Republic)
Iceland (1944-present, Republic)
Ireland (1919-present, Republic)
Italy (1860-1946, Kingdom)
Italy (1946-present, Republic)
Latvia (1918-1940, Republic)
Latvia (1991-present, Republic)
Lippe (1789-1918, Principality)
Lithuania (1918-1940, Republic)
Lithuania (1990-present, Republic)
Luxembourg (1867-present, Grand Duchy)
Lübeck (1815-1937, Free and Hanseatic City)
Malta (1974-present, republic)
Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1815-1918, Grand Duchy)
Monaco (1489-present, Principality)
Montenegro (1852–1910, Principality)
Montenegro (1910–1918, Kingdom)
Nassau (1806–1866, Duchy)
NATO (1949-present)
Netherlands, the (1815-present, Kingdom)
Netherlands, the (1940-1945, Reich Commissariat)
Norway (1905-present, Kingdom)
Norway (1942-1945, Totalitarian State)
Oldenburg (1814-1918, Grand Duchy)
Parma (1814–1859, Duchy)
Poland (1815-1915, Kingdom)
Poland (1918-1939, IInd Republic)
Poland (1939-1990, Government-in-exile)
Poland (1944-1990, People's Republic)
Poland (1990-present, IIIrd Republic)
Portugal (1139–1910, kingdom)
Portugal (1910-present, Republic)
Prussia (1701-1918, Kingdom)
Reuss Junior Line (1848-1918, Principality)
Romania (1861-1947, Kingdom)
Romania (1944-1989, People's Republic)
Romania (1990-present, Republic)
Russia (1721-1917, Empire)
Russia (1923-1991, Confederation)
Russia (1992-present, Federation)
San Marino (302-present, Republic)
Sardinia (1324–1861, Kingdom)
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1826-1918, Duchy)
Saxe-Meiningen (1680-1918, Duchy)
Saxony (1806-1918, Kingdom)
Saxony (1809-1918, Grand Duchy)
Schaumburg-Lippe (1807-1918, Principality)
Scotland (1999-present, British Commonwealth)
Serbia (1883-1918, Kingdom)
Slovakia (1939-1945, Vassal State)
Slovakia (1993-present, Republic)
Slovenia (1991-present, Republic)
Soviet Union (1922-1991, People's Republic)
Spain (1810-1873, Kingdom)
Spain (1874-1931, Kingdom)
Spain (1931-1939, Republic
Spain (1938-1975, Spanish State dictatorship)
Spain (1975-present, Kingdom)
Sweden (1905-present, Kingdom)
Sweden-Norway (1814-1905, Union)
Tuva (1921-1941, Soviet Republic)
Two Sicilies (1816–1861, Kingdom)
Ukraine (1919-1991, People's Republic)
Ukraine (1921-1992, Government-in-Exile)
Ukraine (1991-present, Republic)
United Kingdom (1801-present, Kingdom)
Vatican City (1929-present, Absolute Monarchy)
Württemberg (1894-1918, Kingdom)
Yugoslavia (1918-1945, Kingdom)
Yugoslavia (1945-1992, Federal Republic)
Oceania
Australia (1901-present, Federal Monarchy)
Bahrain (1971-present, Kingdom)
Hawaii (1795–1893, Kingdom)
New Zealand (1907-1947, Dominion UK)
Oman (1971-present, Sultanate)
Papua New Guinea (1975-present, Republic)
Qatar (1971-present, Emirate)
Saudi Arabia (1932-present, Kingdom)
Solomon Islands (1978-present, Republic)
Tonga (1845-present, Kingdom)
Tuvalu (1978-present, Republic)
United Arab Emirates (1971-present)
Awards
Afghanistan (1926-1973, Kingdom)
Afghanistan (1978-1987, People's Republic)
Albania (1928-1939, Kingdom)
Albania (1939-1943, Italian protecotrate)
Albania (1946-1991, Peoples Republic)
Albania (1991-present, Republic)
Anhalt (1806-1918, Duchy)
Antigua and Barbuda (1981-present, Kingdom)
Argentina (1853, present, Repblic)
Australia (1901-present, Federal Monarchy)
Austria (1804-1867, Empire)
Austria (1867-1918, Austrian-Hungarian Empire)
Austria (1919-1934, Republic)
Austria (1955-Present, Republic)
Azerbaijan (1936-1991, People's Republic)
Baden (1806-1918, Grand Duchy)
Bahamas (1973-present, Constitutional Monarchy)
Bahrain (1971-present, Kingdom)
Bangladesh (1971-present, Republic)
Bavaria (1806-1918, Kingdom)
Belarus (1991-present, Republic)
Belgium (1830-present, Constitutional Monarchy)
Belize (1981-present, Constitutional Monarchy)
Benin (1990-present, Republic)
Bolivia (1825-present, Republic)
Botswana (1966-present, Republic)
Brazil (1822-1889, Empire)
Brazil (1889-present, Republic)
Bremen (1815-present, Free and Hanseatic City)
British Burma (1937-1948, Colony)
Brunei (1984-present, Sultanate)
Brunswick (1813-1918, Duchy)
Buganda (13th Century-present, Kingdom)
Bukhara (1785–1920, Emirate)
Bulgaria (1878–1908, Principality)
Bulgaria (1908-1946, Kingdom)
Bulgaria (1946-1990, Peoples Republic)
Bulgaria (1990-present, Repulic)
Burgenland (1921-present, Bundesland)
Burma (1948-1989)
Cambodia (1953-1970, Kingdom)
Cambodia (1993-present, Kingdom)
Cameroon (1961-present, Republic)
Canada (1931-present, Constitutional Monarchy)
Carinthia (1918-present, Federal state in Austria)
Central Africa (1960-present, Republic)
Ceylon (1948-1972, British Dominion)
Chad (1958-present, Repblic)
Chile (1818-present, Republic)
China (1636-1912, Qing Dynasty)
China (1912-1949, Republic)
China (1940-1945, Republic)
China (1949-present, People's Republic)
China (1949-present, Republic Taiwan)
Colombia (1886-present, Republic)
Comoros (1975 - present, Federal Republic)
Congo (1969–1992, People's Republic)
Congo (1997-present, Republic)
Croatia (1941-1945, Independant State)
Croatia (1991-present, Republic)
Cuba (1902-1959, Republic)
Cuba (1959-present, Peoples Republic)
Czech Republic (1993-present, Republic)
Czechoslovakia (1918 - 1948, Republic)
Czechoslovakia (1948 - 1989, People's Republic)
Czechoslovakia (1989 - 1992, Republic)
Danzig (1920 - 1939, Republic)
Denmark (1849 - present, Const. Monarchy)
Denmark (1940-1945, Semi Totalitarian State)
Dominica (1978 - present, Republic)
Dominican Republic (1924-1965, Republic)
Ecuador (1830-present, Republic)
Egypt (1867-1914, Khedivate)
Egypt (1914-1922, Sultanate)
Egypt (1922-1953, Kingdom)
Egypt (1961-present, Republic)
Estonia (1918-1940, Republic)
Estonia (1991-present, Republic)
Ethiopia (1270-1974, Kingdom)
Ethiopia (1987-1991, Peoples Republic)
European Union (1993-present, International Union)
Finland (1918-present, Republic)
France (1814–1830, Kingdom)
France (1830–1848, Kingdom)
France (1852-1870, 2nd French Empire)
France (1870-present, Republic)
France Vichy (1940-1944, Totalitarian State)
French Dahomey (Colony, 1894–1958)
French Morocco (1912-1956, French protectorate)
French-Indochine (1887-1954, French Indochine)
Gabon (1960-present, Republic)
Gambia (1989-present, Republic)
Georgia (1936-1991, People's Republic)
Georgia (1991-present, Republic)
Germany (1871-1918, Empire)
Germany (1919 - 1933, German Reich)
Germany (1933-1945, Third Reich)
Germany (1945-1989, People's Republic)
Germany (1945-present, Federal Republic)
Ghana (1960-present, Republic)
Greece (1832-1924, Kingdom)
Greece (1935-1973, Kingdom)
Grenada (1974-presen, Republic)
Guinea (1958-present, Republic)
Haiti (1859-present, Republic)
Hamburg (1806-present, Free and Hanseatic City)
Hannover (1814–1866, Kingdom)
Hawaii (1795–1893, Kingdom)
Hesse (1806-1919, Grand Duchy)
Hesse-Kassel (1814–1866, Landgraviate)
Hungary (1920-1946, Kingdom)
Hungary (1946-1949, IInd Republic)
Hungary (1949-1989, Peoples Republic)
Hungary (1989-present, Republic)
Iceland (1944-present, Republic)
India (1858-1947, British Colony)
India (1943-1945, Provisional Government)
India (1947-1950, British Dominion)
India (1950-present, Republic)
Indonesia (1945-present, Republic
International
Iran (1925-1979, Kingdom)
Iraq (1932-1958, Kingdom)
Iraq (1958–1968, 1st Republic)
Iraq (1968-2003, 2nd Republic)
Ireland (1919-present, Republic)
Israël (1948-present, Republic)
Italy (1860-1946, Kingdom)
Italy (1946-present, Republic)
Ivory Coast (1960-present, Repulblic)
Japan (1868-1945, Empire)
Japan (1947-present, constitutional monarchy)
Jordan (1946-present, Kingdom)
Kazakhstan (1991-present, Republic)
Kenya (1964-present, Republic)
Korea (1897- 1910, Empire)
Kuwait (1752-present, Emirate)
Laos (1949-1975, Kingdom)
Laos (1975-present, People's Republic)
Latvia (1918-1940, Republic)
Latvia (1991-present, Republic)
Lebanon (1943-present, Republic)
Liberia (1874-present, Republic)
Libya (1951-1969, Kingdom)
Libya (1951-1969, Republic)
Lippe (1789-1918, Principality)
Lithuania (1918-1940, Republic)
Lithuania (1990-present, Republic)
Luxembourg (1867-present, Grand Duchy)
Lübeck (1815-1937, Free and Hanseatic City)
Madagascar (1992-present, Republic)
Malawi (1964-present, Republic)
Malaysia (1957-present, Federal Const. Monarchy)
Maldives (1968-present, Republic)
Mali (1960-present, Republic)
Malta (1974-present, republic)
Manchukuo (1932-1945, Empire)
Mauritania (1958-present, Islamic Republic)
Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1815-1918, Grand Duchy)
Mexico (1846–1863, Republic)
Mexico (1864–1867, Empire)
Mexico (1867-present, Republic)
Monaco (1489-present, Principality)
Mongolia (1911-1919, Absolute Monarchy)
Mongolia (1924-1992, People's Republic)
Montenegro (1852–1910, Principality)
Montenegro (1910–1918, Kingdom)
Morocco (1956-present, Kingdom)
Nassau (1806–1866, Duchy)
NATO (1949-present)
Nepal (1768-2008, Kingdom)
Netherlands, the (1815-present, Kingdom)
Netherlands, the (1940-1945, Reich Commissariat)
New Zealand (1907-1947, Dominion UK)
Niger (1958-present, Republic)
Nigeria (1960-present, Republic)
North Korea (1948-present, People's Republic)
Norway (1905-present, Kingdom)
Norway (1942-1945, Totalitarian State)
Oldenburg (1814-1918, Grand Duchy)
Oman (1971-present, Sultanate)
Ottoman Empire (1299-1922, Monarchy)
Pakistan (1947-1956, British Dominion)
Pakistan (1956-present, Islamic Republic)
Panama (1821-present, Republic)
Papua New Guinea (1975-present, Republic)
Paraguay (1811-present, Republic)
Parma (1814–1859, Duchy)
Persia (1789-1925, Empire)
Peru (1824-present, Republic)
Philippines (1946-present, Republic)
Poland (1815-1915, Kingdom)
Poland (1918-1939, IInd Republic)
Poland (1939-1990, Government-in-exile)
Poland (1944-1990, People's Republic)
Poland (1990-present, IIIrd Republic)
Portugal (1139–1910, kingdom)
Portugal (1910-present, Republic)
Prussia (1701-1918, Kingdom)
Qatar (1971-present, Emirate)
Reuss Junior Line (1848-1918, Principality)
Romania (1861-1947, Kingdom)
Romania (1944-1989, People's Republic)
Romania (1990-present, Republic)
Russia (1721-1917, Empire)
Russia (1923-1991, Confederation)
Russia (1992-present, Federation)
Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983-present, Federation)
Saint Lucia (1979-present, Republic)
San Marino (302-present, Republic)
Sarawak (1841-1946, Kingdom)
Sardinia (1324–1861, Kingdom)
Saudi Arabia (1932-present, Kingdom)
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1826-1918, Duchy)
Saxe-Meiningen (1680-1918, Duchy)
Saxony (1806-1918, Kingdom)
Saxony (1809-1918, Grand Duchy)
Schaumburg-Lippe (1807-1918, Principality)
Scotland (1999-present, British Commonwealth)
Senegal (1960-present, Republic)
Serbia (1883-1918, Kingdom)
Singapore (1959-present, Republic)
Slovakia (1939-1945, Vassal State)
Slovakia (1993-present, Republic)
Slovenia (1991-present, Republic)
Solomon Islands (1978-present, Republic)
Somalia (1960-present, Federal Republic)
South Africa (1910-1961, Union)
South Africa (1961-present, Republic)
South Korea (1945 - present, Republic)
South Rhodesia (1923-1980, British Colony)
South Vietnam (1955-1975, Republic)
South Yemen (1967–1990, People's Republic)
Soviet Union (1922-1991, People's Republic)
Spain (1810-1873, Kingdom)
Spain (1874-1931, Kingdom)
Spain (1931-1939, Republic
Spain (1938-1975, Spanish State dictatorship)
Spain (1975-present, Kingdom)
Sudan (1956-present, Republic)
Sweden (1905-present, Kingdom)
Sweden-Norway (1814-1905, Union)
Syria (1930-1950, 1st Republic)
Syrië (1963-present, 2nd Republic)
Thailand (1238-present, Kingdom)
Togo (1960-present, Republic)
Tonga (1845-present, Kingdom)
Transjordan (1921-1946, Emirate)
Trinidad and Tobago (1976-present, Republic)
Tunesia (1957-present, Republic)
Turkey (1923-present, Republic)
Tuva (1921-1941, Soviet Republic)
Tuvalu (1978-present, Republic)
Two Sicilies (1816–1861, Kingdom)
Uganda (1962-present, Republic)
Ukraine (1919-1991, People's Republic)
Ukraine (1921-1992, Government-in-Exile)
Ukraine (1991-present, Republic)
United Arab Emirates (1971-present)
United Kingdom (1801-present, Kingdom)
United Nations
United States (1776 - present, Republic)
Upper Volta (1958-1984, Republic)
Vatican City (1929-present, Absolute Monarchy)
Venezuela (1811-present, Republic)
Vietnam (1945-1954, Republic)
Vietnam (1954-present, People's Republic)
Württemberg (1894-1918, Kingdom)
Yugoslavia (1918-1945, Kingdom)
Yugoslavia (1945-1992, Federal Republic)
Zaire (1971-1997, Republic)
Zambia (1964-present, Republic)
Zimbabwe (1965-present, Republic)